Latest Trends in Thermal Power Plants in India 

1. Shift to Supercritical & Ultra-Supercritical Units
   New plants use higher-efficiency technology to reduce coal consumption and emissions.

2. Retrofit & Modernization of Old Plants
   Focus on improving heat rate, upgrading economizers, installing FGD, low-NOx burners, and better APC (Air Pollution Control) systems.

3. Biomass Co-firing with Coal
   Many plants are blending 5–7% biomass to reduce emissions and comply with government mandates.

4. Flexible Operation
   Plants are being adapted for fast ramp-up/ramp-down to support renewable integration.

5. Digitalization & Condition Monitoring
   Use of AI, IoT sensors, predictive maintenance for boilers, turbines, economizers, coal handling, and ash handling systems.

6. High Coal Stocking & Reliability Focus
   Plants maintain larger coal reserves and emphasize reliable operation during peak demand.

7. Selective Retirement of Very Old, Inefficient Units
   Older subcritical units are being phased out or converted.